[148] Greenland would be lost to Europeans until Danish Colonization in the 18th century.[149]. Muhammad was a religious, political and military. The Tale of Genji is considered the world's first realistic novel written in the 9th century.[144]. Along the eastern coast of Africa several city-states like Kilwa, Mombasa, and Mogadishu emerged. [1] In Asia, China continued its historic dynastic cycle and became more complex, improving its bureaucracy. [134] However Science also spread from Eastern Eurasia, particularly from China was spread westward by Arabs due to both war and trade. [126], The Silk Road was also a major factor in spreading religion across Afro-Eurasia. Missionaries along the Silk, Routes spread the Buddhist religion to China. [192] India and the coast of Africa were already known to Europeans but none had attempted a large trading mission prior to that time. The Toltec Empire arose from the Toltec culture, and were remembered as wise and benevolent leaders. Animosities between Christians and Muslims that started during this time period and are still a source of conflict today. This marked the end of feudalism in Europe as kings began to use paid armies and consolidated their power to create nation-states. Once they established rule, they brought scholars from different areas into their political circles and learned from them. Corn would continue to be the staple crop of natives in the Eastern United States and Canada until the Colombian Exchange. After Muhammad died tribal leaders argued about who, should become the leader of the Muslims or as the caliph. Christianity, also served as a unifying force between Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire, where the. Medieval Europe was the lone exception to this rule, developing harmonic music in the 14th/15th century as musical culture transitioned form sacred music (meant for the church) to secular music. Southeast Asia could be a possible fifth category but was influenced heavily from both South and East Asia literal cultures. unified many cultures in the Middle East. The area south of the Sudan was primarily occupied by the Bantu peoples who spoke the Bantu language. All three areas were overrun by nomadic groups. During Mongol rule the Europeans learned of many advances that had been made by the Chinese, the most important being gunpowder. Gold, Ivory and Ceramics were all major commodities traveling through port cities. After initial expeditions there is a possibility that the Norse continued to visit modern day Canada. Japan and Korea went under the process of voluntary sinicization, or the impression of Chinese cultural and political ideas. to 1 A.D. period. Many women were involved in the monastic movements of, both religions. Competed with each other they all were eventually annexed by Vietnamese invaders in the Age of discovery Chinese. 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