Mount Tongariro is in the Tongariro National Park, New Zealand's first national park and one of the earliest in the world. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southwest of Lake Taupo, and is the northernmost of the three active volcanoes that dominate the landscape of the central North Island. The Tongariro complex of volcanic cones and craters was formed by eruptions from at least 12 vents over more than 275,000 years. Activity has also been recorded at other vents in recent history. NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using VIIRS Day Night Band data provided by William Straka, CIMES, University of Wisconsin. Ngauruhoe, while often regarded as a separate mountain, is geologically a cone of Tongariro. It was set aside (literally "made sacred") in 1887 by Te Heuheu Tukino IV (Horonuku), paramount chief of the Māori Ngati Tuwharetoa iwi and made a national park in order to preserve its natural beauty. Volcanoes According to scientists, this is Mount Tongariro’s first eruption since 1897. [9], An ash cloud 6.1 kilometres (3.8 mi) high deposited ash into the surrounding area, especially to the east of the volcano. Volcanoes Image of the Day Snow and Ice, Communities around mountain on "tenterhooks.". Atmosphere [16] Geologists had no warning before the eruption, saying it wasn't linked to warnings the week before of elevated activity at nearby Mount Ruapehu. For a one page fact sheet / poster on Tongariro's volcanoes click VolcanoFactSheetsTongariro2012.pdf (568.43 kB) Tongariro is a massive complex of volcanic cones and craters formed by eruptions from at … At 11:50 pm (NZST, UTC+12) on 6 August 2012, Mt Tongariro had what was initially believed to be a hydrothermal eruption after a month of increased activity. The Volcanic Outburst at Te Māri, Tongariro, in November, 1892. An eruption in 1868 had formed the crater, which was named for … [4] The andesitic eruptions formed Tongariro, a steep stratovolcano, reaching a height of 1,978 metres (6,490 ft). The ash plume is distinct in these images of the two countries. No injuries were reported, and the only significant property damage was to the Department of Conservation's Ketetahi Hut, which is located 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) west of the Te Māri Craters. Mount Tongariro consists of four massifs made of andesite: Tongariro, Kakaramea, Pihanga, and Ruapehu. The ash can melt onto the turbine blades and other parts of the engine, causing damage and even engine stalls. According to New Zealand's Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management on August 7, the eruption activity seemed to have subsided. The volcano lies in a mostly undeveloped part of the country, and no injuries were reported. The ash cloud travelled 250 kilometres (160 mi) in four hours. An eruption in 1868 had formed the crater, which was named for a Māori woman of high rank who died around that time. NIWA reported the ash cloud contained about 10,000 cubic metres (350,000 cu ft) of ash, and that the ash cloud was 25 kilometres (16 mi) long and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) wide 39 minutes after the eruption. Land Ash from Puyehue-Cordón Caulle over Australia and New Zealand, NASA Goddard Space It is one of New Zealands most active volcanoes and has the youngest vent in the Tongariro volcanic complex, on the central Plateau of the North Island. The image was acquired by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on Suomi NPP, which includes a “day-night band” that can detect volcanic ash plumes lit by moonlight alone. “It is interesting to note that the ash downwind was lofted fairly high,” said William Straka of the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies at the University of Wisconsin. “Volcanic ash is very different in composition than the biomass smoke produced by a forest fire,” said Steven Miller of the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere at Colorado State University. The park also includes the peaks of Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu, both of which lie to the southwest of Tongariro. The commercial satellite GeoEye-1 captured a high-resolution view of the volcano the same day. Because of the impact to aircraft operations, the New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority issued advisories to re-route air traffic around the ash plume so as to avoid damage to aircraft engines. The image above shows Mount Tongariro as it appeared at 12:55 a.m. New Zealand time on August 7, 2012 (12:55 p.m. Universal Time on August 6). Mt Tongariro had what was initially believed to be a hydrothermal eruption after a month of increased activity. Tolkien’s epic Lord of the Rings. According to scientists, this is Mount Tongariro’s first eruption since 1897. "There's been several at Nagauruhoe. The most recent eruptive episode began in August 2012 at the Upper Te Maari Crater(s) on the northern side of the volcano. The volcano lies in a mostly undeveloped part of the country, and no injuries were reported. Mount Tongariro is made up of multiple volcanic cones; the largest and most famous is Ngauruhoe, which last erupted in 1977. Mount Tongariro and its surroundings are also one of the several locations which Peter Jackson chose to shoot The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. an eruption of mount ngauruhoe. The 1,978-meter (6,490 foot) peak is a popular spot for hikers and is right next to Mount Ngauruhoe, the stand-in for Mount Doom in the Lord of the Rings movies. “White steam clouds were observed at the historically active Te Maari craters area,” the ministry reported. ), The detection of volcanic plumes is useful because ash can endanger airplanes in flight. Atmosphere Late on August 6, 2012, New Zealand’s Mount Tongariro erupted for the first time in 115 years, spewing a cloud of ash over North Island, closing roads, and cancelling domestic flights. Ash and the smell of sulphur was reported in Napier and Hastings. A new satellite equipped with low-light imaging technology was able to capture the event in the dark of night, just an hour after it began. Red Crater last erupted ash in 1926 and contains active fumaroles. Mount Tongariro featured as the volcano in Peter Jackson’s film adaptaion of J.R.R. [12] A layer of ash 10–15 millimetres (0.4–0.6 in) thick settled on farmland 5 to 10 km (3.1 to 6.2 mi) east of Mount Tongariro. The airspace within a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) radius of the mountain was closed after the eruption, but later reopened to visual flights only. Particle sizes were between 2 and 3 millimetres (0.08 and 0.12 in). It was set aside (literally "made sacred") in 1887 by Te Heuheu Tukino IV (Horonuku), paramount chief of the Māori Ngati Tuwharetoa iwi and made a national park in order to preserve its natural beauty. "In 1995, Ruapehu erupted quite significantly." The national park is a dual World Heritage Site for its outstanding natural and intangible cultural values. Mt Tongariro at sunset after the eruption, seen from a lookout point on Te Ponanga Saddle Rd. Volcanoes. Land Both Tongariro and Ngauruhoe are part of the “circum-Pacific seismic belt” or “Ring of Fire” region known for its seismic activity and volcanism. 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