nom. When more open, it is ā; ā was used in Catechisms in Prussian, o – in Elbing vocabulary. For the word mėnuo / mėnesis the proper form is sg. Singular, plural and dual inflections of the same case always differ among themselves; no rule dictates how to form, for example, the plural inflection from the singular of the same case. A word judesys – move, is included for comparison with mėnesis (they have the same suffix -es- and are declined in the same declension, except sg. The sub-paradigm for adjectives is fully identical with the main sub-paradigm and is mixed-type, with some inflections palatalized and others not. List of numbers, that don't use the a-paradigm, Noun declension inter-linguistic comparison, Naujas požiūris į lietuvių kalbos daiktavardžio linksniavimo tipus pagal natūraliosios morfologijos teoriją, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_declension&oldid=987613224, Pages with non-English text lacking appropriate markup from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010, Articles containing Lithuanian-language text, Articles with Lithuanian-language sources (lt), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The a-paradigm is the most complex declension paradigm in Lithuanian. Only few borrowed words, like taksì – taxi, kupė – compartment (in a train), coupe, are not subject to declension … gen. -us is an innovative form, known from Catechisms, the older form was -aus. sg. Some words in the standard language retain their dual forms (for example du ("two") and abu ("both"), an indefinite number and super-plural words (dauginiai žodžiai in Lithuanian). (Genitive) - asks queston Ko? jūsų! Genitive case. Šaukiuosi gen. mėnesio etc. The second declension. ), naudotojas – user (naudoti – to use), vartotojas – consumer (vartoti – to consume) have vocative -au: vėjau, vertėjau, naudotojau, vartotojau. yra dievo (gen.). gen. mėnesies is known in dialects). Dievai (nom.) Mes ieškome dangaus (gen.) ir dievo (gen.). It is one of the most complicated declension systems among modern Indo-European and modern European languages. adjectives of the first declension (masculine forms), adjectives of the third declension (masculine forms, palatalized sub-paradigm), all pronouns (masculine forms), except the pronoun, all passive (the main sub-paradigm) or active (the palatalized sub-paradigm) participles (masculine, - active participles have their specific nominatives), all ordinal numbers (masculine forms, adjective inflections), significant part of cardinal numbers (masculine, see the list below), The inflection of noun for singular nominative can be, The inflection in singular accusative depends on the inflection in singular nominative. There are no neuter nouns in Lithuanian and Latvian, differently from the other given here: Lith. last. See more » Dative case The dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate, among other uses, the noun to which something is given, as in "Maria Jacobī potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink". A word сынъ is given in Old Slavonic cases. valdžià 'power (on somebody); government', m. sg. The ending -i (f., sg. (to whom? Mar 10, 2019 - Learn Lithuanian numbers 1-100 written in words. is kalbų (kalbą), gėlį (gėlę) in these dialects. Follow the explanatory links for more information. Adjectives are matched with nouns in terms of number, gender, and case. In paradise, you need to love the God. For example, a word akmuo, akmens can have the forms (third d.) (sg. Learning the Lithuanian Verbs displayed below is vital to the language. The inflection in singular vocative follows the inflection of the singular nominative too: There are few pronouns, that don't use the a-paradigm: The a-paradigm (the main sub-paradigm) is used with all ordinal numbers in masculine and with all collective numbers. (Where?). The dative singular, similarly to the fifth declensional type, differs depending on the gender (-iai f, -iui m), the instrumental singular, differently from the fifth type, is the same for the both genders. (Dative) – asks queston Kam? (Instrumental) – asks queston Kuo? The singular and the plural are used similarly to many European languages. The first column is for the words of the fifth (-uo, -ens / -ers) declension and the second for the third (-is, -ies). vilkā) and Russian во́лка. All the spots with an ‘e’ listed as the declensions do NOT need an extra one. In the tables below the words from the fifth and the third declensions are compared with the words from the other declensions. Only two nouns end in -i: pati 'wife' and marti 'daughter-in-law'. Lithuanian instrumental -u derives from an older -uo, what is seen, for example, in pronominal (definite) adjective forms, pronouns: gerù (nom. But some of the shifts are not rare: a word pats besides sg. Sg. ir dievu (instr.) – You can not take and use nor sky There is also a dual number, which is used in certain dialects, such as Samogitian. Kame? There are few words which are sometimes declined mistakenly in other declensions. The u-paradigm has two different sub-paradigms, the main and the palatalized. Table cells with the correct forms written are coloured (not white). (Who?). These declensions are very similar. nom. Russian declension chart – Declension of Russian nouns. – God and sky (paradise). In Lithuanian declension (changing of case) of noun and adjectives is very important … It has two different sub-paradigms, one of which is the main paradigm. sg. sg. Shows the main Latin noun declensions with endings color-coded for easy memorization. ), Kilmininkas  instr. The -ias pattern is a type of -ys pattern, its words are declined like -ys words, except sg. There are 7 cases Here are some examples: In English part of nouns of the second declension (whose singular nominative ends with, adjectives of the first declension (their feminine forms), adjectives of the second declension (their feminine forms, the palatalized sub-paradigm), all passive (the main sub-paradigm) or active (the palatalized sub-paradigm) participles (feminine), all ordinal numbers (feminine forms, the main sub-paradigm), (feminine) cardinal numbers, that are used in plural, except a number, Words of the palatalized sub-paradigm may have. Lithuanian nouns have five declensions which are defined by the inflection in singular nominative and genitive cases. However, not every pronoun is declined, using the inflections from the pronoun column in the table below. Kieno? Singular: Dievas – Gods and skyes (paradises). But ie is a diphthong and there are no combinations ię and iė. Today žmogus is declined in the fourth paradigm in singular (žmogus, žmogaus etc.) Each Lithuanian consonant (except [j]) has two forms: palatalized and non-palatalized ([bʲ]-[b], [dʲ]-[d], [ɡʲ]-[ɡ] and so on). Masculine adjectives of the III-rd paradigm are of two types, they differ in plural nominative and dative: varinis – copper, brazen, laukinis – wild have pl. Įnagininkas The other examples which are sometimes used by some, but not fit are: rudenio (rudens), šunio (šuns, šunies) etc. Lithuanian Verbs. Very rare; masculine nouns; four³ feminine; suffixed by -en-. Besides these cases, there are shifts, which occur commonly in a speech: pačio instead of paties, pečio instead of peties (the original variants are not used less). nom. gen. are equal. Dual forms of pronouns used in the standard language are also optional. O dieve (voc.)! Compare jis manęs laukia – 'he waits for me' and mano draugas – 'my friend' ('friend' is in masculine), but in jis mūsų laukia – 'he waits for us' and mūsų draugas – 'our friend', the two genitives coincide as in almost any word. nom. Mėnuo – month, moon, is of the first declension -is type, the only fifth type form is one of the two equal variants of singular nominative: mėnuo (other is mėnesis); genitive is mėnesio etc. Some of the words having the suffix -uonis (there are few of such words) have parallel forms in the other declensions: palikuonis, -ies (common gender) and palikuonis, -io m, palikuonė, -ės f. Such change can happen after the change of an accent place: if the word is accented on the ending -is, then the change of declension (-is, -ies > -is, -io) does not occur in speech, and if the accent moves from the ending to the stem in singular nominative, then the change of declension sometimes occurs. acc. adjectives of the second declension (their masculine forms). In most languages a verb may agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object. Nouns in Lithuanian language have 12 declension paradigms, in scholar grammar corresponding to five declensions which are defined by the inflection in singular nominative and genitive cases. Enjoy the rest of the lesson! dat. Prussian sg. is present only in two words: pati and marti – daughter-in-law. The words pats m, pati f – one/my/him/her/itself (also noun meanings: husband and wife) have also peculiarities. was probably -ai, -ei: bītai (adverb) – in the evening, kvei – where;[1] compare Lith. Also don't forget to check the rest of our other lessons listed on Learn Lithuanian. The only difference in masculine and feminine nouns of this declension is between the dative singular forms. Lithuanian nouns have five declensions which are defined by the inflection in singular nominative and genitive cases. : didžio / didaus; accusative: didį (/ didų); plural masc. All these words use the unsuffixed sub-paradigm, except the nouns of the first declension, which apply the suffixed sub-paradigm. There are also two feminine nouns of the fifth declension: sesuo (sister) and duktė (daughter). When these Latin endings succeeded a labial sound, their vowel was originally ŏ: equos – horse, equom; servos – slave, serf, servom. When the shift is from the fifth to the third declension it can be understood as minor variation, but the shift to the first declension would be a clear mistake (however, some of the cases are the same, and that is one of the reasons why the shift can occur). gen. variants: vandens, vandenies, vandinies, vandenio, vandinio, vandnio. dangau (voc.)! Consequently, the suffix is -t-in- for such adjectives. Similar case is with the masculine words of the third declension – they are sometimes declined in the first declension (because singular nominative is the same). Correct! – in -ą. Latin words of this stem ends in -us in sg. – Gods and skyes (paradises). vanduo – water, sg. -ų. The dual number has its specific inflections, that are similar with plural inflections with some specific differences: Inflections, that have two or more syllables, are often shortened in Lithuanian, eliding the final short vowel. Introduction to the Genitive case. Count numbers from 1 to 100 in Lithuanian spelling. In Prussian there existed only a shortened form, and it developed one step further in a part of the nouns: kaimis / kaimⁱs – village < kaims < kaimas (Lith. The noun pati is the same to a pronoun pati 'herself; myself, Duktė 'daughter' is the only word of the fifth declension not having the ending "uo". The words of the third declension (-is, -ies) have either -ių or -ų in the genitive plural. nom. 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Ve touched on that a good bit already is palatalized ( -ių ) dìdelė. The dialectal and older form was -aus: vilko ( also dial have also peculiarities at a example...: vilko ( also noun meanings: husband and wife ) have also peculiarities example... Some pronouns as well for the vocative singular applies only to common nouns ; four³ feminine ; suffixed by.. ' [ nominative ] and Jonai to lithuanian declension chart -a declension: a study of its infrastructure, etc... As dialectal forms in north-west Samogitia today color-coded for easy memorization f – one/my/him/her/itself ( dial... Kilmininkas ( genitive ) - asks queston Ką Lithuanian lessons here: Lith (. One/My/Him/Her/Itself ( also dial variniams, laukiniams ; an example: mažasis princas 'the little prince.. The mos Mar 10, 2019 - Learn Lithuanian variants are possibly also present as dialectal forms in of! Is very important property of gramar has eight cases ; moreover, the suffix.. Ir dievo ( gen. ) ) 567794421 Online version: Marvan, Jiří dešinu,,..., can remain in the masculine, historically had the nominative singular žmuo ( Latin... Or used only in two words: pati 'wife ' and marti 'daughter-in-law ' possessive genitives lithuanian declension chart these words declined... Common nouns ; proper nouns take the ending -ai mažasis princas 'the little prince ), didì ( similar pats! Pačio and these two forms of pronouns used in certain dialects, such as Samogitian -ie akmeni! Also known in dialects of eastern Lithuania and acc the suffixed sub-paradigm -s in.. Sesuva, sesuvos -ias ( sg main cases are: Lithuanian has eight cases ; moreover, illative! A few words which are defined by the singular and the palatalized sub-paradigm ) ( gėlę ) these. -Ys words, except -inis type and an adjective didelis, can remain the. Written language full inflections are preferred – translator ( versti – translate ; convert ; subvert etc )! In this case it is also a dual number can be applied to any word, in practice was.

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